PassivX Knowledge Base
Latest information about fire safety, BESS technology and our implementations.
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Thermal runaway — a cascading mechanism no fire extinguisher can stop
For PV installers and electricians designing installations with energy storage.
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Energy storage in winter — why frost damages batteries even when the system "works"
For PV installers designing systems that need to operate reliably for 15–20 years.
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Energy storage at home or in an external enclosure? Regulations, safety and insurance in 2026
For investors, installers and designers — what the regulations really say after January 7, 2026 and what will change from September 20, 2026.
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Is LiFePO4 really non-flammable? What research says and why the entire industry installs fire suppression
For homeowners considering energy storage — the full picture of LFP battery safety, backed by scientific data.
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How to safely store used lithium-ion batteries?
A practical guide for stores, service centers, warehouses and lithium-ion battery collection points.
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How to safely charge Li-ion batteries from power tools, e-bikes and e-scooters?
A practical guide for service centers, workshops, installation companies, rental fleets and warehouses charging Li-ion batteries.
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Lithium-ion batteries in energy storage: NMC vs LFP — key differences and behavior in emergencies
Lithium-ion batteries are the backbone of modern energy storage. In practice, two cell families dominate: NMC and LFP. Both are Li-Ion, but they differ in energy density, thermal stability, lifespan and behavior in emergencies — and from a safety perspective these differences are critical.
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Residential LiFePO₄ energy storage fire in Kozów (Poland) — technical case analysis
Case study of a residential LiFePO₄ battery fire housed in a wooden enclosure (Kozów, Lower Silesia, 15 Aug 2025). Analysis of the likely failure mechanism, fire propagation and design lessons for safer BESS.
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Battery storage explosion without sustained fire — Schönberg (Germany) case and Li-ion vent-gas deflagration mechanism
Case study of a residential battery explosion in Schönberg (Schleswig-Holstein, Feb 2025), where the detonation tore out a load-bearing wall without a sustained fire. Analysis of the Li-ion vent-gas deflagration mechanism and why LiFePO₄ cells can also contribute to explosive events.
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Explosion of a 30 kWh LiFePO₄ home battery in Lauterbach (2023) — scientific analysis
Case study of an LFP home battery explosion in the basement of a residential building — mechanism, data, design conclusions.
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Gayton Marina boat explosion — scientific analysis of a LiFePO₄ blast
Analysis of the canal boat fire and explosion at Gayton Marina (Northamptonshire, 5 August 2025) — the LiFePO₄ pack detonation mechanism moments before firefighting began.
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Fire Academy in Warsaw: "Battery gases can be more dangerous than the flame itself"
Battery gas emissions, thermal runaway and early cell-decomposition detection are now part of the Polish scientific debate. Akademia Pożarnicza, Newcastle University and Faraday Institution show that gases can be more dangerous than the flame itself.
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